WORLD: May 18th, the commemoration of the Gwangju uprising, needs to be recognized as the Universal Day for the Prevention of Militarism and Authoritarianism

The Asian Human Rights Commission in Hong Kong, the May 18 Memorial Foundation and three May 18 related organizations in South Korea, and International Bridges of Justice(IBJ) call for your participation to end militarism and authoritarianism.

Please join us to designate May 18 as the “Universal Day for Prevention of Militarism and Authoritarianism” so that we have a focus in the fight to end militarism and authoritarianism and to realize democracy where everyone enjoys his/her inborn rights.

The day May 18 holds great importance not only in Korea but for the world. That day in 1980 the ten-day struggle of the May 18 Democratic Uprising began. During the Uprising, the entire city rose against the military coup to protect democracy. Regardless of the military’s violent armed suppression, people of Gwangju Jeollanamdo kept fighting while sacrificing their lives and eventually achieved what they deserve – a democratic society.

The Uprising was the turning point in the democratization and human rights movement in Korea where people realized that they are the center-force in the nation’s history, which encouraged the national democratization movement. The Uprising also had people realize that they can gain their rights through their own struggles and this visibly enhanced Korea’s human rights situation. Also, holding the two former presidents, Chun Doo-hwan and Roh Tae-woo, accountable for the crimes helped other countries’ democratization in Asia, sending out a strong warning to other authoritarian regimes about consequences of their draconian actions.

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WORLD: May 18th, the commemoration of the Gwangju uprising, needs to be recognized as the Universal Day for the Prevention of Militarism and Authoritarianism

The 18th of May 1980 is a day of great importance not only for Korea but for the whole world. On this day, a great uprising took place; an entire city rose up against the military coup in South Korea. For many days, the people stood together, preventing the entrance of armed battalions sent to take control of the city. It was a rare moment of solidarity.

After several days, the military battalions entered the city to take it by force, daring to shed the blood of their own people. About 160 people opted to sacrifice their lives rather than to surrender to the military. They made the first sacrifice in order to awaken the whole of the nation and the international community to defeat militarism and to restore democracy in their land. Their wish was amply rewarded and the people engaged in a constant struggle to defeat the military regime, and they finally succeeded. South Korea today is a vibrant democracy. The two military leaders, Chun Doo-hwan and Roh Tae-Woo, were brought to trial and were convicted.

In many parts of the world, authoritarianism and militarism of various forms has come to the forefront. Even in the most sophisticated circles, there are arguments advocating militarism and authoritarianism as being unavoidable in order to achieve economic growth. There are many governments that were elected to power but, by use of many sophisticated means, their actual form of governance has transformed itself into authoritarianism. Many forms of governance have emerged that use the argument of necessity in defense of authoritarianism and militarism.

Advocates of democracy and human rights need to address this issue on an urgent basis. Public institutions dealing with the administration of justice can be transformed into instruments of authoritarianism. This has in fact been happening in many countries for a considerable period of time. Adequate resistance to this displacement of democracy and the rule of law has not yet emerged. Under those circumstances, people feel alienated, isolated, repressed and powerless. Manufactured public consent has displaced the possibilities the genuine participation. Everywhere people are seeking solutions to these problems.

The recognition of Gwangju Uprising has global implications for enhancing genuine people’s participation without which efforts for achieving accountability and transparency of governance can achieve very little. The theme of good governance must incorporate the resistance to militarism and authoritarianism.

The recognition of the May 18 as the Universal Day for the Prevention of Militarism and Authoritarianism will be symbolic of global recognition of this challenge to develop genuine public institutions within which people could find their means to participate in the processes of governance. We urge all advocates of democracy and human rights to support a declaration of the 18th of May as the Universal Day for the Prevention of Militarism and Authoritarianism.

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아시아인권위원회, 5·18기념재단 및 5·18 3단체, IBJ 공동 성명서

5월 18일 광주민중항쟁기념일은 유엔 세계 군사주의와 권위주의 방지의 날로 지정되어야 한다.

1980년 5월 18일은 한국 뿐만이 아니라 전세계적으로도 중요한 날이다. 그날은 엄청난 시민 항쟁이 일어난 날로서 대한민국의 한 도시 전체가 군사 쿠데타에 맞서 저항한 날이다. 며칠간 지속된 항쟁 기간에 사람들은 도시를 굴복시키기 위해 배치된 군대를 막아내고자 싸웠다. 이는 드물게 나타나는 연대의 순간이었다.

며칠 후, 군인들이 도시로 대거 몰려 들어와 유혈진압을 수행했다. 그러나 광주시민들과 전남도민들은 그 힘에 굴복하기보다 자신의 생명을 바치기로 결심했다. 그들은 군사주의에 저항하고 민주주의를 회복해야 함을 국내외적으로 알리기 위해 스스로를 희생했다.

그들의 의지는 마침내 충분히 이루어졌으며 사람들은 군사정권에 맞서 싸우기 위해 끝없이 투쟁을 벌였고 결국 민주주의를 쟁취했다. 현재 한국은 역동적인 민주사회가 되어 있다. 군부정권의 책임자인 전두환과 노태우는 법정에 섰으며 유죄 판결을 받았다.

오늘날 세계 여러 나라에서 일어나고 있는 다양한 형태의 권위주의와 군사주의가 세상의 주목을 받고 있다. 심지어는 교양과 지식을 겸비했다는 사람들조차도 경제발전을 위해 군부 독재는 불가피하다는 주장을 펴는 실정이다. 많은 정부가 국민 선거를 통해 구성되었지만 다양하고 정교한 방법을 이용한 끝에 실제 정부의 운영 방식은 권위주의 통치로 귀결된 경우도 있다. 이와 같이 하여 권위주의와 군사주의 필요성을 정당화하는 많은 지배구조가 등장했다.

민주주의와 인권활동가들은 이 문제에 긴급하게 대응해야 한다. 법과 행정을 담당하는 공공기관은 얼마든지 권위주의의 수단으로 전락할 수 있다. 그리고 이러한 일은 실제로 많은 국가에서 일어나고 있다. 민주주의와 법치주의의 실종에 대한 적절한 저항이 아직 일어나지 않고 있다. 이런 상황에서 사람들은 소외되고 고립되며 억압과 무기력함을 느낀다.

조작된 공공의 동의는 시민의 진정한 참여가능성을 막는다. 세계 모든 곳에서 사람들은 이런 문제점에 대한 해결책을 구하고 있다.

광주항쟁에 대한 조명은 바로 이 시민의 진정한 참여라는 점에서 세계적인 의미를 갖는다. 광주 민중 항쟁에 대한 인정은 시민의 진정한 참여를 증폭시키는데 기여할 것이다. 시민의 진정한 참여가 없이는 정치의 책임성과 투명성은 담보될 수 없다. 훌륭한 통치의 개념에는 군사주의와 권위주의에 대한 저항이 포함되어야만 한다.

5월 18일이 ‘세계 군사주의와 권위주의 방지의 날’로 지정된다면 민주적 정부를 확립하고자 하는 시민들에게 매우 뜻 깊은 일이 될 것이다. 우리는 민주주의와 인권을 위해 일하는 모든 사람들이 5월 18일을 세계 군사주의와 권위주의 방지의 날로 지정하는 것을 지지해 주실 것을 촉구한다.

지지 서명은 아래 링크에서 가능하다.

https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdN7ESD0EgRz6BpuAB00Cl0O-67RXpaXxR3McnglcV_GgIHdw/viewform

Document Type : Joint Statement
Document ID : AHRC-JST-004-2020
Countries : World,
Issues : Administration of justice, Civil and Political Rights, Democracy, Human rights defenders, Military, Rule of law,